Response surface methodology as a decision-making tool for optimization of culture conditions of green microalgae Chlorella spp. for biodiesel production

We have evaluated process optimization and the interactive effects of a number of variables using a Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM). The process variables nitrate, phosphate, glucose and pH were optimized to enhance the cell growth rate, lipid accumulation and other biochemical parameters of Chlorella spp. The most significant increase in lipid production (dry cell weight basis) occurred at limited concentrations of nitrate and phosphate, 1 % glucose and pH 7.5. The addition of nitrates during the mid-lag and mid-exponential phases produced the maximum inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation and the presence of yeast extract led to a further enhancement of lipid accumulation. Of all the media tested, BG-11 was the best suited medium for algal biomass production and chlorophyll content. A significant increase in algal biomass was observed in BG-11 supplemented with bicarbonate and glucose (1 %). The maximum specific growth rate observed was on 9th day of culturing. Results of optimization of process variables through response surface methodology and optimization of various other conditions reflect cutting edge research directed towards increasing algal biomass and lipid content for biodiesel production using an efficient economical technological approach. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and the University of Milan.