Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Catunaregam spinosa fruit extract for their biological activities

Silver nanoparticles have several uses in many scientific fields and are destructive to microbial and cancer cells. In this study, Catunaregam spinosa unripe fruit aqueous extract was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with cytotoxic activity against lung cancer cell line (A549), as well as antimicrobial properties and radical scavenging capacity. The biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated utilizing a range of different characterization techniques. The silver nanoparticles were investigated using an X-ray diffractometer, UV–visible spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay was used to assess the antioxidant properties of silver nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was determined using the microbial growth inhibition method. The antioxidant methods confirmed that the silver nanoparticles have more antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid. The silver nanoparticles have strong antibacterial activity (maximum Staphylococcus aureus (21 ± 1 mm) and minimum Streptococcus pyogenes (14 ± 1 mm)) and an antifungal (with a maximum of Candida tropicalis (18 ± 1 mm) and a minimum of Candida albicans (13 ± 1 mm)). The inhibitory concentration (IC) was revealed to be 25 μg/ml and its anticancer potential was discovered by utilizing the live and dead test (Ao/EtBr) in the cytotoxicity investigation, which demonstrated a dose-dependent effect against the lung cancer cell line A549 using the MTT assay. As a result of bioactive compounds on their surface, green-produced silver nanoparticles have potent antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties.