Special Emergency Resources Preallocation Concerning Demand Time for Tunnel Collapse

Lacking timely access to rescue resources is one of the main causes of casualties in tunnel collapse. To provide timely rescue, this study proposed a multi-objective preallocation model of special emergency resources for tunnel collapse based on demand time. Efficiency, multiple coverage, and cost-effectiveness are taken as the key objectives of the model; the demand time service range is used as a coverage decision factor considering the unique nature of tunnel collapse. The weight of potential disaster-affected points and other general factors are also considered in this model in order to thoroughly combine the distribution of disaster points and service areas. Further, we take 15 main tunnel projects under construction in China as an example. When the relative proximity to the ideal point of the selected optimal scheme ε is smaller than 0.5, we will adjust the weight of three objectives and reselect the optimal scheme until ε > 0.5. Compared with the not preallocated case, the number of rescue rigs needed is reduced by 8.3%, the number of covered potential disaster-affected points is increased by 36.36%, the weighted coverage times are increased from 0.853 to 1.383, and the weighted distance is significantly reduced by 99% when the rescue rigs are preallocated, verifying the feasibility and superiority of the proposed model.