The Neuropeptide Spexin Promotes the Osteoblast Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells via the MEK/ERK Pathway and Bone Regeneration in a Mouse Calvarial Defect Model
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, ISSN: 2212-5469, Vol: 19, Issue: 1, Page: 189-202
2022
- 10Citations
- 5Captures
- 1Mentions
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Example: if you select the 1-year option for an article published in 2019 and a metric category shows 90%, that means that the article or review is performing better than 90% of the other articles/reviews published in that journal in 2019. If you select the 3-year option for the same article published in 2019 and the metric category shows 90%, that means that the article or review is performing better than 90% of the other articles/reviews published in that journal in 2019, 2018 and 2017.
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- Citations10
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- 10
- CrossRef8
- Captures5
- Readers5
- Mentions1
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Most Recent News
Association of Circulating Spexin Levels with Metabolic and Hormonal Disturbances in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women and Normal Controls
Key Words: PCOS, Spexin, Insulin Resistance, Hormonal imbalance. Introduction Spexin a unique endogenous peptide hormone discovered relatively recently (Neuropeptide Q) en-coded by the C12ORF39 gene1.
Article Description
BACKGROUND:: The neural regulation of bone regeneration has emerged recently. Spexin (SPX) is a novel neuropeptide and regulates multiple biological functions. However, the effects of SPX on osteogenic differentiation need to be further investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SPX on osteogenic differentiation, possible underlying mechanisms, and bone regeneration. METHODS:: In this study, MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with various concentrations of SPX. Cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation marker expressions, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), ALP staining, and alizarin red S staining, respectively. To determine the underlying molecular mechanism of SPX, the phosphorylation levels of signaling molecules were examined via western blot analysis. Moreover, in vivo bone regeneration by SPX (0.5 and 1 µg/µl) was evaluated in a calvarial defect model. New bone formation was analyzed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. RESULTS:: The results indicated that cell proliferation was not affected by SPX. However, SPX significantly increased ALP activity, mineralization, and the expression of genes for osteogenic differentiation markers, including runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Alp, collagen alpha-1(I) chain (Col1a1), osteocalcin (Oc), and bone sialoprotein (Bsp). In contrast, SPX downregulated the expression of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (Enpp1). Moreover, SPX upregulated phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). In vivo studies, micro-CT and histologic analysis revealed that SPX markedly increased a new bone formation. CONCLUSION:: Overall, these results demonstrated that SPX stimulated osteogenic differentiation in vitro and increased in vivo bone regeneration via the MEK/ERK pathway.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85121578911&origin=inward; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13770-021-00408-2; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34951679; https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13770-021-00408-2; https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13770-021-00408-2; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13770-021-00408-2
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
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