A particle swarm optimization algorithm based on diversity-driven fusion of opposing phase selection strategies

Opposition-based learning (OBL) is often embedded in intelligent optimization algorithms to solve practical engineering and mathematical problems, but the combinatorial problems among different OBL variants are rarely studied. To this end, we propose a novel OBL variant based on the principle of optical imaging, which combines two novel types of quasi-opposite learning and extended opposite learning, called diversity-driven fused opposition learning (SQOBL). First, a density center based on a neighborhood model is proposed. Based on the rapid convergence of the centroid, combined the advantages of density and centroid to construct a double mean center (DMC) to replace the original center point in quasi-opposite learning based on the principle of refraction. Secondly, an extended opposite learning method based on optical refraction imaging is proposed. Diversity is then exploited to drive different opposing learning strategies at different stages of evolution, thus controlling the exploration and utilization of the algorithm. Finally, SQOBL was embedded in the PSO with eight others representative OBL variants to find the most optimal solution for a test suite. In addition, 8 novel intelligent optimization algorithms and the first three algorithms were selected to evaluate the performance of the latest CEC2022 benchmark test set and realistic constrained optimization problems. Experiments with 56 test functions and 3 real-world constraint optimization problems show that the proposed SQOBL has good integrative properties in CEC2015, CEC2017, CEC2020, and CEC2022 test suites.