Theoretical analysis of blood based ternary hybrid nanofluid under the influence of magnetic dipole with variable fluid properties

The use of nanoparticles, the biological phenomenon has lately been found to play a key role in engineering and biomedical applications including the separation of specified molecules, magnetic targeting of drugs, diagnostic methods such as MRI, CT scan, the treatment of hyperthermia or hypothermia, etc. Motivating by the above applications, the current study is designed and presents a novel mathematical model to analyze the behavior of blood-based ternary hybrid nanofluid under the influence of magnetic dipole with variable fluid properties over a stretching sheet. Silicon Dioxide (SiO), Iron Oxide (FeO) and Copper (Cu) are considered nanoparticles, with blood as the base fluid. Similarity transformations are used to convert the partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations, which are numerically solved by using the finite difference method, consisting of the central differencing method, a tridiagonal matrix manipulation, and an iterative method. The most important results of this investigation of different non-dimensional physical factors are velocity, temperature, skin friction, and the Nusselt number. It was noted that by elevating the figures of variations in viscosity, thermal conductivity, magnetic field parameter, and ferromagnetic interaction parameter, fluid axial velocity decreased. Also found that the rate of heat transfer increased by 4.51% while thermal conductivity varies from 0.5 to 1.5. At the same time, the skin friction coefficient enhanced by 3.61% for the viscosity variation parameter when varies from − 0.6 to − 0.2. A comprehensive comparison between nanofluid, hybrid nanofluid, and ternary nanofluid is also shown for fluid velocity and temperature.