UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS Metabolomics Comparison Between Wild and Cultivated Porophyllum ruderale, a Non-conventional Edible Plant

Porophyllum ruderale Jacq. Cass., Asteraceae, is a non-conventional edible plant widespread in the South of Brazil where it is used for wound healing and to treat inflammation. This plant grows in different soil conditions, causing discrepancies in its chemical profile that can consequently induce different outcomes as a phytomedicine. Thus, the present paper aims to study and compare the chemical profile of wild and cultivated P. ruderale from Santa Catarina and Paraná states, Brazil. UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS data allowed the identification of 36 substances including phenolic acids, diterpene aminoglycoside derivatives (reported for the first time for this species), fatty acids, and chlorophyll derivatives. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis results were used to distinguish different metabolites among P. ruderale samples into eight well-defined groups. Aminoglycoside wedelosides (putatively identification) present a high contribution to the dataset variability of P. ruderale samples. Overall, the metabolic profile of P. ruderale provides new information for this non-conventional edible plant used both as food and a traditional remedy. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)