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Molecular arrangements of sphingolipids. The monolayer behaviour of ceramides

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, ISSN: 0009-3084, Vol: 20, Issue: 4, Page: 273-284
1977
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A series of synthetic ceramides have been studied at the air-water interface by recording the surface pressure-area isotherms at continuous compression. Ceramides that contain a 4,5- trans -double bond in the long chain base were found to condense into a close-packed arrangement with vertical chains already at a very low surface pressure. The corresponding saturated compounds adopt a similar close packed arrangement only at high surface pressure. At 30 dynes/cm, a lateral pressure representative of biological membranes, the area per molecule and compressibility was further found to depend on the number and configuration of the hydroxyl groups. The presence of a 2-D-hydroxyl group in the fatty acud generally promotes the condensation. A similar effect is observed if the long chain base contains a 4-D-hydroxyl group. Cis -double bonds or methyl branches in the fatty acid chain, which increase the space requirement, limit the lateral interaction of the polar group. However the 15- cis -double bond of nervonic acid can be accommodated without any distortion of the close-packing arrangement.

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