2,2,4-Trimethylpentane-induced nephrotoxicity
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, ISSN: 0041-008X, Vol: 91, Issue: 2, Page: 171-181
1987
- 76Citations
- 7Captures
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Metrics Details
- Citations76
- Citation Indexes70
- 70
- CrossRef62
- Policy Citations6
- Policy Citation6
- Captures7
- Readers7
Article Description
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (TMP), a component of unleaded gasoline, causes nephrotoxicity in male, but not in female, rats. In the present study, male and female Fischer 344 rats were treated with a single oral dose of [ 14 C]TMP (4.4 mmol/kg; 2 μCi/mmol). Radiolabeled material in kidney, liver, and plasma was determined at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hr after dosing. Maximum concentration of TMP-derived radioactivity in kidney, liver, and plasma of male rats was found after 12 hr (1252, 1000, and 403 nmol eq/g, respectively), whereas those measured in females were found after 8 hr (577, 1163, and 317 nmol eq/g, respectively). A selective retention of the TMP-derived radiolabel in the kidneys of male rats was noted when peak tissue concentration was expressed as a percentage of administered dose. Kidney concentrations of TMP-derived radiolabel increased in a nonlinear, but dose-dependent, manner; the kidney to plasma ratio was greater at low doses than at higher doses. Increased retention of radiolabel material in the kidney was associated with a significant increase in renal concentration of the male-rat-specific protein, α 2u -globulin, 24 and 48 hr after TMP administration. Total radioactivity collected in urine 48 hr after TMP administration was similar in males and females (32 and 31% of dose). Identification and quantitation of the urinary metabolites of TMP showed that both male and female rats metabolize TMP via the same pathway and at a similar rate. Female rats, however, excreted more conjugates of 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol in urine than males. 2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentanol was the major metabolite present in the male rat kidney, but was absent in the female rat kidney. The renal retention of 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol appears to account for the delayed clearance observed in the disposition of [ 14 C]TMP-derived radiolabel. Based on the concomitant accumulations in renal α 2u -globulin concentration and renal 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol concentration, an association is speculated between these two components. The male-rat-specific accumulation of 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol may therefore reflect the accumulation of a “metabolite- α 2u -globulin” complex. This may be relevant to the male-rat-specific nephrotoxicity produced by TMP.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0041008X87900986; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-008x(87)90098-6; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=0023623801&origin=inward; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2445050; http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0041008X87900986; http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0041008X87900986?httpAccept=text/xml; http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0041008X87900986?httpAccept=text/plain; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0041008X87900986; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-008x%2887%2990098-6; https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-008x%2887%2990098-6
Elsevier BV
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