Differential regulation of astrocyte TNF-α expression by the cytokines TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-10
International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, ISSN: 0736-5748, Vol: 13, Issue: 3, Page: 341-349
1995
- 128Citations
- 46Captures
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Metrics Details
- Citations128
- Citation Indexes128
- 128
- CrossRef99
- Captures46
- Readers46
- 44
Article Description
In this study, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression by primary rat astrocytes. Treatment of astrocytes with TGF-β alone had no effect on TNF-α expression, however, T G F-β suppressed induction on TNF-α expression at both the protein and mRNA level. In contrast, IL-10 and IL-6 both inhibited TNF-α protein expression by astrocytes, but had no effect on mRNA levels. The extent of IL-6 mediated inhibition was greatest when astrocytes were pretreated with IL-6 for 12–24 hr, then exposed to the inducing stimuli, while IL-10 was an effective inhibitor even when added simultaneously with the inducing stimuli. Collectively, these data indicate that TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-10 are all capable of inhibiting TNF-α expression by astrocytes, although these immunosuppressive cytokines act at different levels of gene expression; i.e. TGF-β at the transcriptional level and IL-10/IL-6 at the translational level. These results indicate that TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-10 are important regulators of cytokine production by astrocytes under inflammatory conditions in the brain, and can contribute to controlling the production of detrimental cytokines such as TNF-α.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0736574894000617; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-5748(94)00061-7; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=0029010133&origin=inward; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7572286; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/0736-5748%2894%2900061-7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-5748%2894%2900061-7; https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-5748%2894%2900061-7; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1016/0736-5748%2894%2900061-7
Wiley
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