Errores en las prescripciones médicas en una unidad neonatal
Anales de Pediatría, ISSN: 1695-4033, Vol: 55, Issue: 6, Page: 535-540
2001
- 17Citations
- 11Captures
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- Citations17
- Citation Indexes14
- CrossRef14
- Policy Citations3
- Policy Citation3
- Captures11
- Readers11
- 11
Article Description
Los errores de medicación son debidos a fallos humanoso del sistema de utilización de fármacos, y se pueden prevenirestudiando y modificando las situaciones que predisponenal error. En los últimos años el interés por estetema es creciente por su trascendencia sanitaria y económica. Estimar la frecuencia y las características de los erroresde prescripción en el Servicio de Neonatología del Hospital12 Octubre antes y después de una intervención paraconcienciar al personal sobre el error médico, comparandola frecuencia del error preintervención y postintervención. Se trata de un estudio piloto con diseño prospectivo endos fases. En la primera se realizó un estudio de los erroresde prescripción, revisando 100 prescripciones de reciénnacidos ingresados en cuidados intensivos e intermedios.Cuando se realizaron las prescripciones, losneonatólogos desconocían que se iba a realizar el estudio.Se valoró: legibilidad, dosificación, unidades en que se expresabala medicación, vía de administración, uso de abreviaturas,especificación de la dosis por kilo de peso y usode marcas comerciales. Tras analizar los datos, se realizóuna intervención de información-formación que consistióen exposición de los datos en sesión clínica y recomendacionespara mejorar las prescripciones. En la segunda fasese realizó nueva revisión de las prescripciones y comparaciónde los errores preintervención y postintervenciónutilizando la prueba estadística de chi-cuadrado (x2). En el primer estudio se encontraron 22 % de prescripcionesilegibles o dudosas, 4% con errores de dosificacióny 28 % en las que no constaba la vía de administración. Trasla intervención formativa se redujeron a 8% (p 5 0,005)prescripciones ilegibles, 4% con errores de dosificación y 5% sin especificación de la vía de administración. Respectoa otros marcadores de calidad de prescripción, la especificaciónde dosis por kilogramo de peso mejoró (de 46 a78 %). Se usaron nombres comerciales en el 21 %. Las unidadessiempre se expresan abreviadas. Todos los erroresencontrados fueron de nivel de gravedad 0 o 1. El reconocimiento de un error es el primer paso paraprevenirlo, y la concienciación de los médicos de las consecuenciasde los errores han mejorado la calidad de lasprescripciones en nuestro servicio. El ser conscientes de lafrecuencia y de los tipos de errores que se comenten es elprimer paso para poder establecer estrategias que permitanla disminución de la iatrogenia Medication errors occur as a result of human mistakesor system flaws and could be prevented by studying andmodifying the conditions that predispose to errors. Inrecent years, interest in medical errors has increasedbecause of their health and economic implications To evaluate the frequency and types of prescribingerrors in the Neonatology Unit of the Hospital 12 Octubrebefore and after an intervention to raise awareness oferrors among the medical staff by comparing the frequencyof error before and after the intervention We conducted a prospective pilot study in two phases.In the first phase, we studied prescribing errors by reviewing100 prescriptions for newborns admitted to the Intensive or Intermediate Care Units. When the prescriptionswere written, the neonatologists were unaware thatthe study would be performed. Legibility, dose, units usedto express medications, route of administration, use ofabbreviations, specification of dosage per kilogram ofbody weight and use of brand names were evaluated. Theinformation was analyzed and an information-trainingintervention was performed in which the results weremade known in a clinical session and recommendationsfor improving prescriptions were made. In the secondphase, another 100 prescriptions were reviewed. The resultswere compared with those obtained before the interventionusing the chi-squared test In the first phase, 22 % of prescriptions were illegible ordoubtful, 4% contained dose errors and 28 % did not specifythe route of administration. After the intervention, 8%(p 5 0.005) of prescriptions were illegible, 4% containeddose errors and 5% (p 5 0.0001) did not specify the routeof administration. Regarding other quality markers, thepercentage of prescriptions specifying dosage per kilogramof body weight increased from 46 % to 78 %. Brandnames were used in 21 %. Units were always expressed inabbreviations. All errors were severity index 0 or 1. The first step in prevention is recognition of mistakes.Increasing awareness among the medical staff of the consequencesof errors improved the quality of prescriptionsin our department. Awareness of the frequency and typeof errors is the first step towards implementing strategiesto reduce iatrogeny.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1695403301777338; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1695-4033(01)77733-8; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1695403301777338; http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1695403301777338; http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1695403301777338?httpAccept=text/xml; http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1695403301777338?httpAccept=text/plain; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1695-4033%2801%2977733-8; https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1695-4033%2801%2977733-8
Elsevier BV
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