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Osmosensing

Fish Physiology, ISSN: 1546-5098, Vol: 32, Page: 45-68
2012
  • 16
    Citations
  • 0
    Usage
  • 51
    Captures
  • 1
    Mentions
  • 0
    Social Media
Metric Options:   Counts1 Year3 Year

Metrics Details

  • Citations
    16
    • Citation Indexes
      16
  • Captures
    51
  • Mentions
    1
    • References
      1
      • Wikipedia
        1

Book Chapter Description

Euryhaline fishes can perceive and compensate for changes in environmental salinity. Osmosensing is the physiological process of perceiving a change in environmental salinity. Osmosensors are molecules that mediate such perception by having two critical properties: their conformation depends directly (ionic, osmotic, and water activity effects) or indirectly (macromolecular crowding, cytoskeletal strain, macromolecular damage) on salinity; upon salinity-induced conformational change they alter signal transduction pathways that control osmoregulatory effector mechanisms. At the organismal level, specialized osmoreceptor cells monitor body fluid osmolality, and perhaps external salinity, to provide feedback to maintain osmotic homeostasis. At the cellular level, molecular osmosensors control intracellular signaling pathways needed for cell-type specific (compensatory) responses during osmotic stress. The interaction of multiple osmosensory elements at both levels converges into a specific set of signals that encodes information on environmental salinity, ionic composition, and salinity change. This chapter reviews the main elements and principles of osmosensing in euryhaline fishes.

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