Optical coherence tomography: A review

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging technique that has been used increasingly to diagnose and manage a variety of retinal diseases. OCT enables micrometer-resolution retinal imaging both at the optic nerve head and the macula. It has become an established imaging modality in ophthalmology. Retinal layer segmentation from OCT is of fundamental importance for measuring retinal layer thicknesses, a measurement that correlates well with the severity of different ocular diseases. Hence, it provides useful diagnostic information concerning possible diseases. Nowadays, OCT is being a widely used technique for detecting retinal disorders due to its ability to detect small changes in retinal layers. This chapter summarizes some of the current techniques that use OCT to detect and diagnose different retinal diseases. This chapter also outlines some of the challenges that researchers face dealing with the images developed by OCT.