Brain rhythms underlying perception and cognition

Cognitive processes in general are similar for processing activity from the specific sensory modalities. However, discrete cycles of perception (based on theta and alpha rhythm chunking) demonstrated in the visual and somatosensory system are absent in the auditory, which uses oscillatory entrainment to rhythmic stimulation instead. Speech processing requires neural oscillations on three timescales: gamma-band oscillations synchronize with phonemes, theta-band oscillations synchronize with syllables, and delta-band oscillations synchronize with intonation-phrase boundaries. Fast thinking, is implemented in the limbic system and the parahippocampus, whereas slow thinking uses the posterior parietal cortex, anterior insula, and regions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.