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Helicobacter Pylori

International Encyclopedia of Public Health, Page: 373-383
2025
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Book Chapter Description

Helicobacter pylori infection is responsible for a range of gastroduodenal pathologies including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and gastric MALT lymphoma. It is usually acquired in childhood and is persistent. It affects around half of the global population but its prevalence is diminishing. H. pylori exhibits remarkable adaptability to the acidic environment of the stomach. The pathophysiology of H. pylori infection involves complex virulence factors that initiate a cascade of inflammatory and immune mechanisms that result in distinct gastritis phenotypes which determine the eventual gastroduodenal pathology. It is a very important cause of gastric cancer. Both invasive and non-invasive diagnostic tests are available. Treatment consists of the combination of an acid suppressant and two antibiotics and/or bismuth. A key concern is the dramatic increase in antibiotic resistance and the need for antibiotic stewardship.

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