Pineal tumors

This article summarizes classification, diagnosis and therapy of pineal region tumors. Morbidity and cure rates have improved thanks to a multidisciplinary approach, better understanding of their nature, more accurate neurosurgery (the main mode of treatment), radiotherapy, selective chemotherapy and systemic therapy, depending on their histological, molecular, genetic and clinical characteristics. However, the rarity of pineal tumors makes the obtaining of large prospective multicenter international studies to define optimal management difficult. The most recent 2021 WHO classification of CNS tumors have introduced molecular and genetic markers in addition to histology to define tumor entities further, introducing a new classification and potential new personalized treatments (Prajapati and Kannaujia, 2022).