“Multiomics in precision medicine”

“Multiomics” constitutes a promising tool for translating precision medicine into clinical practice. Technological advancements have enabled a holistic study of the individual “omic” levels, allowing collective characterization and quantification of intrinsic mechanisms related to clinical manifestations of pathophysiological processes. Although still in its infancy, “multiomics” possess the potential to establish patient-specific disease-related trends to guide decision-making on a large system-wide scale. In the current chapter, we present the available evidence for the application of the various “omic” levels in medicine, including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and others, and evaluate their integration into clinical practice. Currently, a limited number of “multiomic” models outperform traditional clinical practice, mainly due to the associated challenges in “multiomic” research. Innovative and technological solutions to the inherent analytical and computational challenges are required to facilitate the incorporation of “multiomics” in contemporary medicine. In this chapter, we evaluate the associated barriers and discuss respective potential solutions for overcoming difficulties and achieving the implementation of precision medicine. Unraveling the highly complicated role of “multiomics” will unveil meaningful insights into human disease processes, ultimately informing decision-making and shaping clinical guidelines and practices.