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Advances and challenges in omics approaches for alleviating abiotic stresses and improving cane yield in sugarcane crop

Current Omics Advancement in Plant Abiotic Stress Biology, Page: 269-276
2024
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Book Chapter Description

Abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, soil with heavy metals, waterlogging/flooding, temperature, light, low oxygen and ozone, etc., adversely affect crop growth and development, resulting in reduced crop yield. Sugarcane is a long-duration crop and is prone to abiotic stresses, wherein the germination, tillering, and juice quality are affected. Through conventional breeding programs, developing abiotic stress–tolerance crops is tedious and time-consuming. Recent advancements in molecular biology, especially in the areas of genomics and transcriptomics, have facilitated elucidation of genes, transcription factors, biochemical pathways, and regulatory elements involved in abiotic stress tolerance in sugarcane crops. Further advancements in omics approaches like proteomics, metabolomics, ionomics, and phenomics are explored to identify abiotic stress tolerance traits. The available genome sequence data for sugarcane provides researchers with new opportunities to enhance desired traits through effective genome editing tools, such as the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas system. In this chapter, abiotic stresses, advancements, and challenges in omics approaches which would be useful to understanding the genetic regulatory networks/proteins/metabolites/elements and phenotypic pattern in abiotic stress conditions and their further possibilities in utilization for the development of abiotic stress–tolerant sugarcane crop are discussed.

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