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Immunological exosomes: An upcoming cue for disease management

Exosome Communication, Page: 285-304
2025
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Book Chapter Description

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted from cells of immune system. They act as a carrier for cargoes like nucleic acid, proteins, lipids, and metabolic wastes depending on the type and nature of source cells. Disease associated cargoes includes miRNA, degenerative peptides (Tau, β-amyloid, prions, α-synuclein), mRNA, lncRNA, DNA, or protein. Immunologically, exosomes play a critical role by regulating several processes like antigen presentation, immune suppression or activation, stimulating and regulating cytokine response, etc. in a range of diseases including metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disease, and cardiovascular disease. Due to variations in its surface marker and cargoes carried depending on the originating tissue, exosomes are evolving as promising diagnostic markers. The therapeutic avenue for the disease is also evolving based on the differential exosome expression based on pathological involvement in disease. Exosomes itself are evolving as therapeutic agents while they are also being studied for use as drug delivery agents. Such vast application of exosomes in disease management ensures its promising advancement in the field of diagnostic and therapeutic. The current understanding and application of exosomes derived from innate and adaptive immune system, with respect to disease pathology and treatment, is appraised in this piece of work.

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