Metalloimmunology: The metal ion-controlled immunity
Advances in Immunology, ISSN: 0065-2776, Vol: 145, Page: 187-241
2020
- 213Citations
- 152Captures
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Example: if you select the 1-year option for an article published in 2019 and a metric category shows 90%, that means that the article or review is performing better than 90% of the other articles/reviews published in that journal in 2019. If you select the 3-year option for the same article published in 2019 and the metric category shows 90%, that means that the article or review is performing better than 90% of the other articles/reviews published in that journal in 2019, 2018 and 2017.
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Metrics Details
- Citations213
- Citation Indexes212
- 212
- CrossRef109
- Policy Citations1
- Policy Citation1
- Captures152
- Readers152
- 152
Article Description
Metals are essential components in all forms of life required for the function of nearly half of all enzymes and are critically involved in virtually all fundamental biological processes. Especially, the transition metals iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) are crucial micronutrients known to play vital roles in metabolism as well due to their unique redox properties. Metals carry out three major functions within metalloproteins: to provide structural support, to serve as enzymatic cofactors, and to mediate electron transportation. Metal ions are also involved in the immune system from metal allergies to nutritional immunity. Within the past decade, much attention has been drawn to the roles of metal ions in the immune system, since increasing evidence has mounted to suggest that metals are critically implicated in regulating both the innate immune sensing of and the host defense against invading pathogens. The importance of ions in immunity is also evidenced by the identification of various immunodeficiencies in patients with mutations in ion channels and transporters. In addition, cancer immunotherapy has recently been conclusively demonstrated to be effective and important for future tumor treatment, although only a small percentage of cancer patients respond to immunotherapy because of inadequate immune activation. Importantly, metal ion-activated immunotherapy is becoming an effective and potential way in tumor therapy for better clinical application. Nevertheless, we are still in a primary stage of discovering the diverse immunological functions of ions and mechanistically understanding the roles of these ions in immune regulation. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of metal-controlled immunity. Particular emphasis is put on the mechanisms of innate immune stimulation and T cell activation by the essential metal ions like calcium (Ca 2+ ), zinc (Zn 2+ ), manganese (Mn 2+ ), iron (Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ), and potassium (K + ), followed by a few unessential metals, in order to draw a general diagram of metalloimmunology.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065277619300732; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.ai.2019.11.007; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85076611234&origin=inward; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32081198; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0065277619300732; https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.ai.2019.11.007
Elsevier BV
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