Novel design of multi-point injection system for laboratory simulation of Martian low-pressure dust devils

The Martian surface is frequently traversed by dust devils, presenting formidable challenges to exploration missions and posing significant safety risks. Establishing a ground-based simulation device for low-pressure Martian dust devils is essential for conducting reliability testing and research on extreme environments relevant to Mars rovers. This study introduces a Martian dust devil simulator comprising a simulation cabin and multi-point injectors. This apparatus facilitates the investigation of velocity and pressure distribution patterns within the flow field under varying operational conditions by adjusting injector positions, inlet pressure, and internal pressure. The simulator's design allows it to replicate Martian dust devil velocity fluctuations from 0 to 50 m/s and pressure variations spanning 100–1500 Pa, thereby meeting crucial criteria for simulating Martian atmospheric conditions. Through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, we analyzed the characteristics of dust devils generated by the simulation device and scrutinized the flow field properties following the coupling of sand-dust particles with airflow. The observed dust devil flow field closely resembles the Vastitas Borealis vortex. Additionally, experimental research was conducted. Comparing experimental, simulated, and theoretical models revealed a high degree of consistency in the internal flow field characteristics of the simulated dust devils. The apparatus's versatility extends to simulating various dust devil morphologies, offering significant potential for conducting model experiments pertinent to Martian probes and facilitating future crewed Mars exploration endeavors.