Evolving Landscape of Melanoma in Portugal, Spain, Italy, and Greece: Trends and Insights
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas, ISSN: 0001-7310
2025
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Article Description
Objective: To study melanoma incidence trends from 1990 through 2021 in Southern European countries—Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece—and explore regional and age-period-cohort (A-P-C) patterns. Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were used to calculate age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs). Joinpoint regression and age-period cohort (A-P-C) models were applied to identify trends and patterns. Results: A substantial increase in melanoma ASIRs was observed across all Southern European countries from 1990 through 2021. Joinpoint analysis revealed a potential turning point in the 2010s, with ASIRs stabilizing or declining in younger age groups across all countries. For instance, rates among younger women in Italy, Portugal, and Spain have shown signs of stabilization or decline, while Greek women experienced a continued but slower increase. Men exhibited a similar trend, except for Greece, where the increase rate persisted albeit at a slower pace. Gender differences were evident, with younger women generally facing higher risks vs men but exhibiting a slower rise in incidence with age. The A-P-C analysis confirmed a pronounced cohort effect, indicating a higher risk for melanoma among earlier birth cohorts. Among younger generations, there is evidence of stabilization or even a decline in incidence rates. Conclusion: Melanoma rates are rising in Southern Europe, especially among men. While younger populations show promising declines, likely due to sun protection efforts, older generations continue to be affected. Addressing regional disparities and sustaining these positive trends requires ongoing efforts and comprehensive prevention strategies. Objetivo: Analizar las tendencias en la incidencia del melanoma dentre 1990 a 2021 en los países del sur de Europa (Portugal, España, Italia, Grecia) y los patrones regionales y de Edad-período-cohorte (A-P-C). Métodos: Se utilizaron datos del “Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 “para calcular las tasas de incidencia estandarizadas por edad (ASIR). Se aplicaron modelos de regresión de cambio de tendencia y de A-P-C para identificar tendencias y patrones. Resultados: Se observó un aumento sustancial de las ASIR de melanoma en todos los países del sur de Europa entre 1990 a 2021. El análisis de tendencia reveló un posible punto de inflexión en la década de 2010, con una estabilización o disminución de las ASIR en los grupos de edad más jóvenes en todos los países. Las tasas entre las mujeres más jóvenes en Italia, Portugal y España han mostrado signos de estabilización o disminución, mientras que las mujeres griegas experimentaron un aumento continuo pero más lento. Los hombres mostraron una tendencia similar, excepto en Grecia, donde la tasa de aumento persistió, aunque a un ritmo más lento. Las diferencias de género fueron evidentes: las mujeres más jóvenes generalmente presentan un riesgo mayor en comparación con los hombres, pero muestran un aumento más lento en la incidencia con la edad. El análisis A-P-C confirmó un efecto de cohorte pronunciado, lo que indica un mayor riesgo de melanoma entre las cohortes de nacimiento anteriores. Entre las generaciones más jóvenes, hay evidencia de estabilización o incluso una disminución en las tasas de incidencia. Conclusión: Las tasas de melanoma están aumentando en el sur de Europa, especialmente entre los hombres. Si bien las poblaciones más jóvenes muestran disminuciones prometedoras, probablemente debido a los esfuerzos de protección solar, las generaciones mayores continúan viéndose afectadas. Abordar las disparidades regionales y mantener estas tendencias positivas requiere esfuerzos continuos y estrategias de prevención integrales.
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