Streptococcus pyogenes infection in paediatrics: from pharyngotonsillitis to invasive infections
Anales de Pediatría (English Edition), ISSN: 2341-2879, Vol: 88, Issue: 2, Page: 75-81
2018
- 1Citations
- 14Captures
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Article Description
Streptococcus pyogenes or Group A Streptococci (GAS) cause many infections in infancy. Changes in its epidemiology have been described in recent years, including an increase in invasive infections (iGAS). A retrospective-descriptive study was conducted on children less than 15-years-old, with GAS infections, in particular iGAS, and their complications from February 2004 to April 2014. A total of 2192 positive cultures were obtained of which 92.7% were pharyngeal cultures. Twenty-nine patients were admitted to hospital: 4 with suppurative complications, 7 post-infective, 14 iGAS, and 4 probable iGAS cases. There were no differences in the frequency of GAS isolations/year. Non-invasive isolates were more frequent in winter and spring ( P <.001), and 68.3% were in patients younger than 5 years. The incidence of iGAS was 2.1/100 000 children/year. There was no seasonality, and it was more frequent in younger children ( P =.039). The most common diagnosis was pneumonia (6/14). Eight patients required intensive care. They were treated empirically with second or third-generation cephalosporin or with intravenous penicillin, and pneumonia required longer treatment times ( P =.016). All GAS isolates were sensitive to penicillin, and 10.6% were resistant to erythromycin. The time spent in hospital was longer for iGAS than other cases ( P =.028). No patients died. Pharyngotonsillitis caused by GAS is common in childhood, and its incidence is increasing in children younger than 5 years. At the moment, post-infectious complications are rare. Invasive infections are the most severe forms of presentation, and are more common in younger children. Streptococcus pyogenes o estreptococo del grupo A (EGA) causa numerosas infecciones en la infancia. En los últimos años se han descrito cambios en su epidemiología, con un aumento de las infecciones invasivas. Estudio retrospectivo-descriptivo en menores de 15 años con infección por EGA y sus complicaciones, desde febrero de 2004 a abril de 2014. Se obtuvieron 2.192 cultivos positivos, siendo el 92,7% faringoamigdalares. Ingresaron 29 pacientes: 4 complicaciones supurativas, 7 postinfecciosas, 14 infecciones invasivas y 4 probables. No hubo diferencias en la frecuencia de aislamientos de EGA/año. Los aislamientos no invasivos fueron más frecuentes en invierno y primavera (p < 0,001), siendo el 68,3% de los pacientes menores de 5 años. La incidencia de infecciones invasivas fue de 2,1/100.000 niños/año. No mostraron estacionalidad y ocurrieron en niños de menor edad (3,3 ± 2,2 vs. 4,9 ± 2,9 años, p = 0,039). El diagnóstico más frecuente fue la neumonía (6/14) y el lugar de aislamiento fue la sangre (8/14). Ocho precisaron cuidados intensivos. Se trataron empíricamente con cefalosporinas de segunda/tercera generación o penicilina intravenosas. Las neumonías precisaron mayor tiempo de tratamiento que el resto (13,8 ± 3,5 vs. 11 ± 2 días, p = 0,0016). Todos los EGA fueron sensibles a penicilina, el 10,6% resistentes a eritromicina. El tiempo de ingreso fue mayor en las infecciones invasivas (13 ± 5 vs. 8,7 ± 4,4 días, p = 0,028). Ningún paciente falleció. La faringoamigdalitis por EGA sigue siendo frecuente en la infancia y su incidencia está aumentando en menores de 5 años. En la actualidad, las complicaciones postinfecciosas son raras. Las infecciones invasivas son las formas de presentación más grave y son más frecuentes en niños de menor edad.
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