Time series analysis of temperatures and insolation of the Earth's surface at Kara-Dag using satellite observation

This article discusses the results of a numerical analysis of the time series of the surface temperature, air temperature at a height of 2 m, as well as the total insolation falling to the earth at the Kara-Dag point over the past 38 years. Statistical analysis of observations and continuous time-frequency wavelet analysis are performed. Models of seasonal fluctuations in three time series of observations are compared. Coherent fluctuations were established between variations in total insolation data and data variations: of length of the day (LOD) (the period of variations is 11.8 years, the square of the coherence modulus is 0.85); of solar activity (the period of variations is 10.5 years, the squared modulus of coherence is 0.8; and the period of variations is 3.6 years, the squared modulus of coherence is 0.85); of global temperature indices (the period of variations is 2.3 years, the squared modulus of coherence is 0.7; and the period of variations is 3.5 years, the squared modulus of coherence is 0.9), respectively. The time evolution of observations in order to detect signs of chaotic oscillations is discussed.