Noncoding RNAs in the crosstalk between multiple myeloma cells and bone marrow microenvironment

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy; however, it remains incurable, and the underlying pathogenesis and mechanisms of drug resistance remain unclear. It is widely recognized that the bone marrow microenvironment plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response, inducing drug resistance, and promoting tumor proliferation and invasion in MM, and thus serves as a potential therapeutic target. Among the various signaling loops between myeloma cells and components of the microenvironment, noncoding RNAs are emerging as crucial regulators of intercellular communication within the microenvironment. Noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, and PIWI-interacting RNAs, have been associated with numerous biological processes involved in myeloma cell growth, survival, migration, invasion, and drug resistance. This review summarizes recent advances in the regulatory mechanisms of noncoding RNAs involved in the interaction between the MM bone marrow microenvironment and discusses the therapeutic potential of noncoding RNAs in MM.