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Mechanistic insight into efficient PPCPs removal on waste biological activated carbon for low-carbon emission reutilization

Chemical Engineering Journal, ISSN: 1385-8947, Vol: 487, Page: 150759
2024
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Over 3.9 × 10 7  t/a of biological activated carbon (BAC) waste was generated from Chinese drinking water treatment plants. Traditional disposal methods, such as thermal regeneration and incineration, contributed significantly to high energy consumption and CO 2 emissions. To tackle this issue, a low-carbon-emitting reutilization approach was proposed to reutilize waste BAC used for eight years (BAC-8Y) to efficiently remove pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater. The long-term operation of a BAC-8Y column demonstrated excellent removal efficiencies of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC, >98%) and diclofenac sodium (DS, >90%) with the original concentrations of 2–5 mg/L in the artificially prepared wastewater. Even for the real sewage with the addition of 2 mg/L DS/TC, BAC-8Y could also achieve >99 % removal efficiency for both within 40 days. The results of the adsorption control test using thimerosal to inhibit microbial activity showed that adsorption contributed 94.94% of the TC removal by BAC-8Y, while the DS removal benefitted from the combined effect of adsorption (69.10%) and biodegradation (30.90%). Microbial analysis revealed that Acidobacteriota and Dadabacteria was the dominant phyla, while norank_f__Blastocatellaceae and norank_f__Oxalobacteraceae was the key genera. Moreover, compared to traditional methods, the carbon emission from reutilizing 1 t waste BAC in this study was negligible (4.18 kgCO 2 ), which was mainly from transportation. This was also aligned with China's carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.

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