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Multifunctional electroluminescence materials with aggregation-induced emission properties and reversible mechanoluminescence

Dyes and Pigments, ISSN: 0143-7208, Vol: 235, Page: 112594
2025
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Article Description

Herein, the design and synthesis of blue luminogens ( t-BuTPAniq and t-BuTPA2niq ) were reported, which employed 4-( tert -butyl)- N -(4-( tert -butyl)(5-phenyl)- N -phenylaniline (t-BuTPA) as the electron donor (D) and isoquinoline (iq) as the electron acceptor (A), linking via naphthalene π-bridges. In toluene solution, t-BuTPAniq and t-BuTPA2niq exhibited emission wavelengths ( λmax ) of 462 nm and 454 nm, with photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQY) of 34 % and 38 %, respectively. Notably, t-BuTPAniq presented a PLQY of 71 % and t-BuTPA2niq showed a PLQY of 79 % in neat film, indicating that these two complexes might display aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. In dichloromethane solution, the photoluminescence lifetimes of t-BuTPAniq and t-BuTPA2niq were 61.9 ns and 67.9 ns at room temperature, respectively. Futhermore, the experiments proved that these molecules possessed distinct AIE characteristics and reversible mechanical chromic properties. Their notable acid-base color-changing capabilities were advantageous for applications in fluorescence anti-counterfeiting. Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) fabricated with t-BuTPAniq and t-BuTPA2niq exhibited blue electroluminescence with emission peaks at 472 nm, achieving maximum external quantum efficiencies ( EQE s) of 4.0 % and 3.6 %, respectively. In summary, these molecules presented a novel research direction for developing multifunctional blue electroluminescent materials, indicating significant potential for applications in displays, lighting technologies, and fluorescence anti-counterfeiting.

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