A critical review on the synthesis of NH 2 -MIL-53(Al) based materials for detection and removal of hazardous pollutants

Nowadays, emerging hazardous pollutants have caused many harmful effects on the environment and human health, calling for the state of the art methods for detection, qualification, and treatment. Metal-organic frameworks are porous, flexible, and versatile materials with unique structural properties, which can solve such problems. In this work, we reviewed the synthesis, activation, and characterization, and potential applications of NH 2 -MIL-53(Al). This material exhibited intriguing breathing effects, and obtained very high surface areas (182.3–1934 m 2 /g) with diverse morphologies. More importantly, NH 2 -MIL-53(Al) based materials could be used for the detection and removal of various toxic pollutants such as organic dyes, pharmaceuticals, herbicides, insecticides, phenols, heavy metals, and fluorides. We shed light on plausible adsorption mechanisms such as hydrogen bonds, π–π stacking interactions, and electrostatic interactions onto NH 2 -MIL-53(Al) adsorbents. Interestingly, NH 2 -MIL-53(Al) based adsorbents could be recycled for many cycles with high stability. This review also recommended that NH 2 -MIL-53(Al) based materials can be a good platform for the environmental remediation fields.