Optimal row spacing configuration to improve cotton yield or quality is regulated by plant density and irrigation rate
Field Crops Research, ISSN: 0378-4290, Vol: 305, Page: 109187
2024
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Article Description
Conventional high-density planting of machine-picked cotton in Xinjiang is associated with poor light distribution and low fiber quality. The objective of this study was to assess how different row spacing configurations, irrigation rates, and planting densities impact cotton photosynthetic production and fiber quality. We conducted a 3-year field experiment in Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, to evaluate the impact of different row spacing configurations and irrigation amounts on cotton photosynthesis and fiber quality. The four row spacing configurations used were: RS 66+10 H (high-density with 66 +10 cm spacing), RS 66+10 L (low-density with 66 +10 cm spacing), RS 76 H (high-density with 76 cm spacing), and RS 76 L (low-density with 76 cm spacing). Additionally, two irrigation amounts were tested: MD-T 3 (mulch drip irrigation with three tapes on one film) and MD-T 2 (mulch drip irrigation with two tapes on one film). We measured and compared the distribution of cotton canopy leaves, light, canopy apparent photosynthesis, reproductive organs and fiber quality among these groups. The results showed that RS 66+10 H had a higher lint yield than RS 76 L under MD-T 2, with an increase of 5.4–7.1%. This can be attributed to the higher fraction of photosynthetically active radiation, canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP), and boll biomass in RS 66+10 H between the full boll and boll opening stages. The maximum lint yield (3227–3580 kg ha −1 ) was obtained in RS 66+10 H under MD-T 3. Interestingly, RS 76 L had a similar lint yield to RS 66+10 H under MD-T 3, mainly due to the middle and lower canopy having higher leaf area index (LAI) values ranging from 1.8 to 2.1. This resulted in increased CAP and cotton boll biomass of the middle and lower canopy compared to RS 66+10 H during the full boll to boll opening stage. Under MD-T 3, RS 76 L also exhibited longer fiber length in the middle and lower canopy (30.2–32.0 mm and 31.6–33.3 mm, respectively) compared to RS 66+10 H, with a difference of 3.2–3.8% and 5.6–6.5%. Furthermore, RS 76 L demonstrated higher fiber strength in the middle and lower canopy (31.4–32.7 cN tex −1 and 33.2–33.9 cN tex −1, respectively) compared to RS 66+10 H, with a difference of 2.6–6.2% and 5.9–6.8%. Maintaining an LAI of around 2.0 during the transition from full boll to boll opening stage optimized canopy architecture and enhanced photosynthetic productivity. Under adequate irrigation, RS 76 L could be a suitable replacement for RS 66+10 H in order to improve cotton fiber quality by optimizing leaf-boll spatial distribution. This study provides guidance for selecting the appropriate row spacing configuration under different water conditions. RS 66+10 H is recommended for increasing yield under water-deficient conditions, while RS 76 L is suitable for improving fiber quality under adequate irrigation.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429023003805; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023.109187; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85177788739&origin=inward; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378429023003805; https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023.109187
Elsevier BV
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