Le syndrome des antiphospholipides obstétrical : quelle est la place d’un traitement complémentaire à la combinaison aspirine et héparine ?
Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie , ISSN: 2468-7189, Vol: 45, Issue: 1, Page: 37-42
2017
- 3Citations
- 28Captures
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Metrics Details
- Citations3
- Citation Indexes3
- Captures28
- Readers28
- 20
Article Description
Le syndrome des antiphospholipides (SAPL) est défini par l’association des manifestations thrombotiques et/ou d’une morbidité obstétricale associées à la présence d’anticorps antiphospholipides persistants (APL). L’association de l’aspirine à dose antiagrégante avec une héparine de bas poids moléculaire (HBPM) à dose prophylactique a permis d’améliorer considérablement le pronostic obstétrical au cours du SAPL primaire obstétrical. Plusieurs facteurs pourraient être associés à la survenue de complications obstétricales chez les patientes présentant un SAPL. L’existence d’une thrombose artérielle ou veineuse antérieure, d’un lupus associé, d’un SAPL avec un anticoagulant circulant (ACC) ou une triple positivité des antiphospholipides (ACC lupique avec un anticorps anticardiolipide et un anticorps anti-β2GP1) est associée à un mauvais pronostic obstétrical. En revanche, le SAPL obstétrical comportant des fausses couches précoces isolées est le plus souvent associé aux anticardiolipides isolés et son pronostic obstétrical est meilleur. Il faut noter qu’il n’y a pas de définition réellement établie de SAPL obstétrical réfractaire, qui pourrait être défini par une perte fœtale malgré un traitement par aspirine et HBPM bien conduit, en l’absence d’autres étiologies retrouvées et la fréquence de SAPL réfractaire ainsi défini serait de 20–39 %. Plusieurs traitements associés à la combinaison aspirine–HBPM ont été utilisés dans le SAPL obstétrical tel que les corticoïdes, l’hydroxychloroquine, les immunoglobulines intraveineuses et les échanges plasmatiques, d’autres traitements tel que l’eculizumab ou les statines pouvant avoir également un intérêt clinique, bien que des études soient nécessaires pour démontrer l’efficacité et la place de ces différentes stratégies. Obstetrical APS is defined by thrombosis and/or obstetrical morbidity associated with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. The aspirin and low molecular weighted heparin combination dramatically improved obstetrical outcome in APS patients. Several factors could be associated with obstetrical prognosis, as previous history of thrombosis, associated SLE, the presence of lupus anticoagulant and triple positivity of antiphospholipid antibodies. Obstetrical APS with isolated recurrent miscarriages is mostly associated with isolated anticardiolipids antibodies and have better obstetrical outcome. The pregnancy loss despite aspirin and heparin combination define the refractory obstetrical APS, and the prevalence could be estimated to 20–39%. Several other treatments have been used in small and open labeled studies, as steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, plasma exchanges and hydroxychloroquine to improve the obstetrical outcome. Some other drugs as eculizumab and statins could also have physiopathological rational, but studies are necessary to define the place of these various drugs.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468718916300101; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gofs.2016.12.010; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85017571357&origin=inward; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28238314; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2468718916300101; https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gofs.2016.12.010
Elsevier BV
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