Substituted N -heterocyclic carbene PEPPSI-type palladium complexes with different N -coordinated ligands: Involvement in the direct C H bond activation of heteroarenes derivatives with aryl bromide and their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities

In this study new benzimidazolium salt as N-heterocyclic carbene precursors and their related new PEPPSI-Pd(II)– N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes 3a-e were prepared and caracterized. The structures of all compounds have been characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis techniques and Direct analysis in real time (DART)–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS), which support the proposed structures. Further confirmations of structural details were provided by a single-crystal X-ray. A single crystal of PEPPSI-Pd(II)– N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex 3c shows that the coordination geometry around Pd slightly distorted square-planar geometry. Next, the PEPPSI-Pd(II)– N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes 3a-e were used as catalysts in the direct C 5 -arylation of 2-acetyl furan and 2-acetylthiophene with various aryl bromides. These complexes exhibited moderate to high catalytic activities and gave C H activation selectively at the C 5 -position. Further, PEPPSI-Pd(II)– N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes 3a-e have been evaluated for their potential antibacterial properties against a panel of bacterial strains namely, Micrococcus luteus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, candida albica n and pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition; these new PEPPSI-Pd(II)– N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes 3a-e were investigated for anti-oxidant activities by super oxide radical; DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl); and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays; in which most of them displayed significant antioxidant activities. Furthermore; PEPPSI-Pd(II)– N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes 3 a-e were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by indirect haemolytic and lipoxygenase inhibition assays and revealed good activity.