Utilization of fly ash for the effective removal of hazardous dyes from textile effluent

A novel adsorbent, Brick Sand Blended Fly Ash (BSBFA) from Brick Kiln, removes synthetic dyes from the polluted aqua. It is a cost-effective and environmentally suitable material. This study compares the adsorption capacity of BSBFA when used to treat Malachite Green (MG) and Methyl Violet (MV) dye as synthetic pollutants. Characterization studies like Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) are performed to evaluate the surface area, available active sites, and functional groups in BSBFA. Batch study experiments like adsorbent dose, pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature are varied to attain good removal efficiency. The adsorption capacities of MV and MG are 5.144 mg/g, and 5.88 mg/g is achieved through the batch mode process. The adsorption process was examined by the Lagergren first-order model, Natarajan and Khalaf model, Bhattacharya and Venkobhachar, and intraparticle diffusion models to state the adsorption mechanism. The interaction between the adsorbent and the adsorbate can be determined by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The isotherms are used to evaluate the homogeneous and heterogeneous nature of the adsorption process. MG has a higher adsorption capacity than MV, and it states that BSBFA is a sustainable adsorbent and can be used as a dye removing agent.