Expulsion of bovine serum albumin from the air/water interface by a sparingly soluble lecithin lipid

Dynamic surface tensiometry, ellipsometry, and infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) were used to study the dynamic adsorption and surface tensions of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Results show that the equilibrium adsorbed layers consist mostly of DLPC, which can produce dynamic surface tensions (1 mN/m) as low as the more successful lung surfactant replacement formulations. When the aqueous surface expands and contracts sinusoidally, BSA can coadsorb and lead to slightly higher dynamic surface tensions than when DLPC is alone. Similar results were obtained with BSA and sodium myristate [McClellan and Franses, Colloids Surf. B 30 (2003) 1]. Expulsion of the BSA in the layer by DLPC can take from 5 to 15 min, depending on relative concentrations and history of solute addition. This is shown by tensiometry measurements on mixtures, and also by injecting aqueous DLPC underneath adsorbed BSA layers and probing the surface layer with ellipsometry and IRRAS. Albumin layers from buffer solutions aged up to 30 h can be expelled by DLPC. In pure water, there is an initial enhancement in protein adsorption after the DLPC is injected. This can be explained by the hypothesis that DLPC molecules bind with BSA molecules to form a hydrophobic lipoprotein complex, which is more hydrophobic than the protein itself. Since DLPC produces lower surface energy than BSA and—being slightly soluble—adsorbs to the surface by a molecular mechanism, it fulfills the thermodynamic and dynamic requirements for expelling the BSA from the surface. The results have implications for minimizing lung surfactant inhibition by serum proteins, as it occurs in the cases of adult or acute respiratory distress syndrome.