Aging behavior and mechanisms of lithium-ion battery under multi-aging path

Local lithium plating significantly affects battery safety and cycle life. This study investigated the aging of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) cycled at low temperatures after high-temperature and local lithium plating evolution. Nondestructive and destructive methods were employed to study battery degradation and electrode changes. The results indicate that the surface changes of the negative electrode in parts 1 and 2 are due to solid electrolyte interphase growth and lithium plating, respectively. Battery aging at 50 °C for 18,650-type LIB is inhomogeneous. Local lithium plating is consumed during cycling. The aging of the battery cycled at −10 °C after 50 °C is slower compared to those cycled at constant high and low temperatures. Lithium plating occurs when plated lithium already exists. Battery aging for 18,650-type batteries is path dependent because the electrode changes for batteries cycled at low temperatures after high temperatures are similar to those for batteries cycled at high temperatures. The battery aging in this study was mainly caused by lithium plating in part 2 of the negative electrode. The aging of the 18,650-type battery is governed by Cannikin's law. A high charging rate accelerates the battery aging at low temperatures. The aging rate of the battery charging at 0.6 C is higher than that of the battery charging at 0.8 C after dozens of cycles. The influence of charging rate on battery aging changed with cycling.