Phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles from Ziziphus mauritiana against hepatic carcinoma via modulation of Rho family-alpha serine/threonine protein kinase

In hepatocellular carcinoma, precancerous nodules are responsible for hepatic damage and inflammation. Studies illustrated that plant derived biosynthetic silver nanoparticles show greater activity against these tumors and reduces the inflammation. This study targets the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles loaded with biomolecules present in Ziziphus mauritiana extract followed by anticancer activity evaluation against hepatic cancer. The process of nucleation were confirmed on the basis of UV–Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray beam diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and FTIR. In-silico studies of major constituents of Z. mauritiana illustrated the strong binding affinity towards Rho family-alpha serine/threonine protein kinase. Anticancer evaluation showed that synthesized nanoformulation effectively inhibit the growth of hepatic cancer via reducing oxidative stress, and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB). However, the histopathological studies exhibited slight anomalies in the hepatic cells.