Increased skeletal muscle mass index was involved in glycemic efficacy following diabetes treatment, and changes in fat mass index correlated with the changes in the lipid ratio in type 2 diabetes

This study aimed to investigate the association between changes in body composition, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid ratio during the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This retrospective analysis used data from outpatients with T2DM who had confirmed body composition and measured laboratories at administration and after treatment. The baseline characteristics and prescribed treatment were collected. The total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) ratio, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL)/HDL ratio, and triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index were also calculated. A total of 207 patients (mean patient age, 62.0 ± 13.7 years; 68.1 % males) were enrolled. Fat mass index (FMI) changes correlated with the changes in the lipid ratio, whereas skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) changes inversely correlated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) changes. Multiple regression analysis showed that changes in LDL/HDL and TyG correlated with FMI changes (t = 2.388, p = 0.017, t = 2.022, p = 0.044). Conversely, HbA1c changes correlated with SMI changes (t = −2.552, p = 0.011). In patients with T2DM, increased SMI was involved in glycemic efficacy, and FMI changes were associated with LDL/HDL and TyG.