An energy efficient clustering algorithm based on density and fitness for mobile crowd-sensing network

Mobile crowd-sensing (MCS) is a cutting-edge paradigm that gathers sensory data and generates valuable insights for a multitude of users by utilizing built-in sensors and social applications in mobile devices. This enables a broad spectrum of Internet of Things (IoT) services. We introduce a novel MCS algorithm, Mobile Crowd-sensing Low Energy Clustering (MCLEC), which employs advanced clustering techniques to address issues of data oversampling and energy inefficiency prevalent in MCS networks. MCLEC innovatively adjusts clustering radii based on local node density and the proximity of nodes to the cloud server, thus optimizing data transmission paths and reducing energy consumption. A pivotal enhancement in MCLEC is its cluster head election strategy, which prioritizes leaders based on their energy levels and mobility, thereby enhancing network stability and minimizing the frequency of head re-elections. Our comparisons with established algorithms such as LEACH, LEACH-C, LEACH-M, DEEC, and SEP show that MCLEC significantly improves energy efficiency, reduces server load, and prolongs the lifespan of network nodes, establishing it as an effective solution for IoT applications dependent on MCS. Additionally, MCLEC was compared with other novel clustering algorithms including E-FLZSEPFCH, DFLC, ECPF, ACAWT, UCR, CHEF, and Gupta's algorithm. The results indicate that MCLEC also surpasses most of these algorithms in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime.