Anisotropic corrosion behavior of laser-based direct energy deposited H13 steel in molten ADC12 aluminum alloy

The immersion corrosion experiment of laser-based direct energy deposited H13 steel in ADC12 aluminum alloy melt was conducted to evaluate the demands for corrosion resistance after mold repair. The effect of the anisotropic microstructure of the deposited H13 steel on corrosion behavior was elucidated by characterizing the microstructure before and after corrosion. The results show that the microstructural heterogeneity affects the initiation, development and stabilization process of corrosion. Corrosion tends to initiate near the heat-affected zone due to the heterogeneous distribution of grain size, carbides, and dislocation density. Planes with weak microstructural heterogeneity are less likely to develop cracks in the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer during the corrosion development stage, thus exhibiting a slower corrosion rate. The IMCs layer of plane with weak microstructural heterogeneity stabilizes more quickly during the corrosion stabilization stage. The plane perpendicular to the build direction exhibits the highest corrosion resistance due to fewer corrosion initiation locations and the weakest microstructural heterogeneity. Furthermore, the composite structure of carbide core + Si phase shell, generated during corrosion, contributes to improving localized corrosion resistance. This study provides insights into understanding the influence of the heterogeneous microstructure from additive manufacturing on the reaction-diffusion process and offers guidance on direction selection when preparing components for applications in contact with aluminum melts using additive manufacturing techniques.