Opioid Requirements After Intercostal Cryoanalgesia in Thoracic Surgery

The optimal approach to pain management after thoracic surgery remains poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia and postoperative opioid requirements after thoracic surgery. We conducted a single-center retrospective review of all patients who underwent unilateral thoracic surgery for pulmonary pathology from June 2017 to August 2019. Patients receiving intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia were compared with standard analgesia. The primary outcome was total oral morphine equivalent consumption during hospitalization, at discharge, and 90 d postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included pain scores and pulmonary function measured on postoperative days 1 and 3, at discharge, and postoperative complications. Planned subgroup analysis by opioid exposure and surgical approach was performed. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test demonstrated significantly less inpatient opioid use for cryoanalgesia patients (45 versus 305 mg, P  < 0.001), regardless of opioid history (naïve: 22.5 versus 209.8 mg, P  < 0.001; tolerant: 159.5 versus 1043 mg, P  < 0.001) and minimally invasive approach (opioid naïve: 26.2 versus 209.8 mg, P  < 0.001; tolerant: 158.5 versus 1059 mg, P  < 0.001). Opioid-naïve patients required fewer discharge opioids (50 versus 168 mg; P  < 0.05). Cryoanalgesia lowered daily pain scores ( P  < 0.001) and showed a trend toward lower 90-d opioid prescriptions and higher pulmonary function scores. There was no difference in postoperative complications ( P  = 0.31). Our results suggest an association between intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia and reduced inpatient opioid requirements and pain in opioid-naïve and tolerant patients. Pulmonary function, 90-d opioid prescriptions, and adverse events were no different between groups. It may serve as a useful adjunct for opioid-sparing pain management in thoracic surgery.