Plastic debris ingestion by seabirds on the Korean Peninsula

Plastic ingestion studies in seabirds that analyse the frequency of occurrence and the characteristics of the plastics ingested by each species provide valuable information for marine environmental assessments by quantifying the impacts of marine debris on seabirds. We investigated the frequency of plastic ingestion from a sample of 387 individuals of 11 seabird species on the Korean Peninsula. We found evidence of plastic ingestion in red-breasted mergansers ( Mergus serrator ) (33.3%), Pacific loons ( Gavia pacifica ) (10.0%), Swinhoe's storm petrels ( Hydrobates monorhis ) (93.7%), black-tailed gulls ( Larus crassirostris ) (12.9%) and ancient murrelets ( Synthliboramphus antiquus ) (0.9%). In particular, it was observed that Swinhoe's storm petrels had the highest frequency of plastic ingestion, both in terms of the number of affected individuals, and the accumulated mass of plastic debris ingested. The majority of seabirds examined in our study had ingested microplastics, comprised predominantly of user plastics. This is the first report quantifying plastic ingestion in seabirds on the Korean Peninsula and in the broader area of the East Asian Seas.