Peripheral spectrum neurological disorder after arbovirus infection is associated with HLA-F variants among Northeastern Brazilians

Non-classical class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA) molecules are known to modulate the function of cytotoxic cells (NK and T CD8+) during viral infection by interacting with inhibitory/activating receptors. However, little is known about the HLA-E/-F genetic variability on arbovirus infections. We evaluated by massive parallel sequencing the full HLA-E/-F genetic diversity among patients infected during the arbovirus (ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV) outbreak leading to a broad range of neurological complications in the Brazilian State of Pernambuco. In parallel, healthy blood donors from the same area were also studied. Plink and R software were used for genetic association study. To limit the false-positive results and enhance the reliability of the results, we adopted P- values <0.01 as significant levels. Compared to controls, the HLA-F alleles: −1610 C (rs17875375), +1383 G (rs17178385), and +3537 A (rs17875384), all in complete linkage disequilibrium with each other (r 2  = 1), were overrepresented in patients presenting peripheral spectrum disorders (PSD). The HLA-F *Distal-D haplotype that harbored the −1610 C allele exhibited a trend increase in PSD group. No associations were found for HLA-E. Our findings showed that the HLA-F genetic background seems to be more important than HLA-E on the susceptibility to PSD complications.