Ultrasound-enhanced dispersive solid phase extraction of Cd (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) using magnetic Pinus pinea

A new ultrasound assisted dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) technique has been combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) to enable the simultaneous preconcentration, determination and removal of cadmium, cobalt and nickel ions from aqueous samples. In this procedure, a magnetic Pinus pinea bio-adsorbent was synthesized and used as bio-adsorbent. The parameters such as solution pH, ultrasound time, analyte concentration and interfering ions were successfully optimized. All three metal ions were extracted within a mere 120 s at pH 6 and the extraction recovery values of the all three analytes were quantitative (˃95%) under the optimal conditions. The adsorption processes of the metal ions were analyzed and adsorption of the metal ions were identified by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Mapping technique. A certified reference material was analyzed for the accuracy of the method. Finally, the developed method was applied for preconcentration and determination of the analytes in real water samples including natural spring water, natural mineral water and factory process water.