Analysis of imidacloprid and acetamiprid in fruits and vegetables using LC-MS/MS and dispersive solid phase extraction with covalent organic frameworks

In this investigation, two pesticides (imidacloprid and acetamiprid) were analyzed using LC-MS/MS in a variety of fruits and vegetables after extraction by dispersive solid phase extraction. The analytes were extracted using a few milligrams of covalent organic frameworks synthesized from melamine and barbituric acid. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the produced nanoparticles. Factors such as the weight of the sorbent, weight of the sand, type and volume of elution solvent, pH, and salt addition were researched and found to have an impact on extraction efficiency. Limits of quantification and detection under ideal extraction circumstances were found to be 0.30 and 0.91 ng mL −1 for acetamiprid and 0.09 and 0.27 ng mL −1 for imidacloprid, respectively. The calibration graphs were linear with coefficients of determination ≥ 0.9784. Acceptable extraction recoveries and enrichment factors were achieved. For both intra- (n = 6) and inter-day precision (n = 4), the relative standard deviation was ≤ 7.6 %.