Relationship between the United States housing and stock markets: Some evidence from wavelet analysis

We revisit the relationship between the United States housing and stock markets in time-frequency domain. Earlier research does not have satisfactory results on the interactions between the two markets because traditional methods average different relationships in time domain only. Our novel and informative wavelet-based multi-resolution analyzes indicate that the US housing and stock markets are at best moderately integrated and with scale-dependent co-movement, connectivity and causality. The interplay between the US housing and stock markets is stronger in the long run, with the two asset markets being bilaterally causally linked and have stronger return and volatility transmission effects. Finally, we demonstrate that the decomposition of the relationship between the real estate and stock markets over the different scales has important implications in studying the optimal portfolio weight and the hedge ratio in risk management.