The impact of virtual clinical simulation on nursing students' palliative care knowledge, ability, and attitudes: A mixed methods study

Palliative care is fraught with numerous challenges when it comes to conducting practical teaching as it involves caring for people facing the complexities of end-of-life and death. Insufficient clinical practice hinders nursing students from mastering knowledge, attitude and ability of hospice care. Virtual clinical simulation has demonstrated its effectiveness as a valuable educational tool in nursing. However, there is a dearth of evidence supporting its utilization in the context of palliative care practice education. To develop a virtual clinical simulation education system and assess its impact on enhancing nursing students' knowledge, ability, and attitudes toward palliative care. A single-group pretest-posttest design and focus group interviews were employed. The study was conducted at a medical university in southwest China. A total of 76 third-year nursing students participated. Participants underwent a 1-hour learning session using the virtual clinical simulation education system. Pre-test and post-test evaluations were conducted to assess the participants' knowledge, ability, and attitudes toward palliative care. Survey questionnaire was administered to gauge the students' acceptance and perception of virtual clinical simulation. Focus group interviews were integrated to gain insight into students' subjective perceptions and feedback on the virtual clinical simulation. There were notable enhancements in the students' overall scores of palliative care knowledge, ability, and attitudes after the learning session. Students positively evaluated the usefulness and usability of virtual clinical simulation. Students' feedback regarding virtual clinical simulation can be categorized into four themes: the value of virtual clinical simulation education system, its role as a complement to clinical practice teaching, the enjoyment and accessibility of learning, and the technological challenges encountered. Virtual clinical simulation is an effective learning tool in palliative care practice education, which has the potential to enhance students' knowledge, ability, and attitudes toward palliative care.