The effects of chronic administration of stimulant and non-stimulant medications on executive functions in ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, ISSN: 0149-7634, Vol: 162, Page: 105703
2024
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The effects of chronic administration of stimulant and non-stimulant medications on executive functions in ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Review Description
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with executive function deficits that are improved with medications. However, meta-analyses of stimulant effects on cognition have mostly tested single-dose effects, and there is no meta-analysis of non-stimulant effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis tested the clinically more relevant longer-term effects of Methylphenidate (20 studies; minimum 1 week) and Atomoxetine (8 studies; minimum 3 weeks) on reaction time, attention, inhibition, and working memory, searching papers on PubMed, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. The meta-analysis of 18 studies in 1667 subjects showed that methylphenidate was superior to placebo in all cognitive domains with small to medium effect sizes (Hedges g of 0.34–0.59). The meta-analysis of atomoxetine included 7 studies in 829 subjects and showed no effects in working memory, but superior effects in the other domains with medium to large effect sizes (Hedge’s g of 0.36–0.64). Meta-regression analysis showed no drug differences on cognitive effects. The meta-analyses show for the first time that chronic Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine have comparable effects of improving executive functions in people with ADHD.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763424001726; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105703; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85192669605&origin=inward; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38718988; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0149763424001726; https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105703
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