Métabolisme des acides gras oméga-3 : différences entre hommes et femmes
Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme, ISSN: 0985-0562, Vol: 23, Issue: 2, Page: 55-66
2009
- 12Citations
- 22Captures
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Article Description
Les acides gras polyinsaturés à 18 atomes de carbone des séries oméga-6 et oméga-3 sont obligatoirement apportés par l’alimentation. Ces précurseurs essentiels sont transformés par l’organisme en dérivés à longue chaîne nécessaires au bon fonctionnement des membranes cellulaires, respectivement en acide arachidonique et en acide docosahexaénoïque (DHA). Leur formation fait intervenir une succession de désaturations et d’élongations, qui se déroulent principalement dans le foie et qui mettent en jeu les voies de régulation de l’expression des gènes du métabolisme lipidique. Les données de la littérature indiquent que le dimorphisme sexuel influe sur ces voies de régulation. Le précurseur de la série oméga-3, l’acide a-linolénique, est majoritairement oxydé en acétyl-CoA par la voie mitochondriale, tandis que seule une fraction minoritaire est convertie en DHA. Les proportions destinées à l’oxydation et à la conversion sont, respectivement, moins élevées et plus élevées chez les femmes que chez les hommes. Dans des conditions nutritionnelles équivalentes, la teneur en DHA des lipides circulants est généralement plus élevée chez les femmes et d’autant plus chez celles qui prennent des traitements estrogéniques. L’ensemble des données suggère que le statut en hormones stéroïdes est l’un des acteurs de la régulation de l’expression des gènes du métabolisme lipidique. The polyunsaturated fatty acids made of 18 atoms of carbon from the omega-6 and omega-3 series are necessarily supplied by food. These essential precursors are converted into long-chain derivatives which are major functional components of membrane cells, the arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), respectively. The conversion pathway involves successive reactions of desaturations and elongations, taking place mainly in the liver, which genes are regulated through the action of cognate transcription factors. We review litterature data on the influence of sexual dimorphism on the regulation pathway of omega-3 metabolism. It is shown that a-linolenic acid, the essential precursor of omega-3 series, is mainly oxidised to acetyl-coA in mitochondries while only a minor fraction is converted to DHA through endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomal processing. The metabolic parts intended for oxidation and conversion are, respectively, lower and higher in women than in men. In standard nutritional conditions, the DHA content in blood lipids is generally higher in women, especially in those having estrogenic treatments. As a whole, the published data support the hypothesis that the steroid hormonal status impacts on the signaling pathway that regulates the gene expression of lipid metabolism.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0985056209000430; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nupar.2009.03.003; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=67650064614&origin=inward; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0985056209000430; https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0985056209000430?httpAccept=text/xml; https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0985056209000430?httpAccept=text/plain; https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nupar.2009.03.003
Elsevier BV
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