Troubles des conduites alimentaires : prévalence et facteurs de risque chez des étudiants en médecine tunisiens
Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme, ISSN: 0985-0562, Vol: 36, Issue: 4, Page: 271-278
2022
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Article Description
Les étudiants en médecine semblent être à risque de développer des troubles psychiatriques, notamment des troubles du comportement alimentaire (TCA). L’objectif de notre étude était de déterminer la prévalence des TCA dans cette population et d’étudier les facteurs de risque qui y sont associés. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive, menée à la faculté de médecine de Tunis, incluant 250 étudiants. Chaque étudiant a bénéficié d’un questionnaire comportant les renseignements individuels nécessaires ainsi que les échelles HAD évaluant l’anxiété et la dépression, EDI2 évaluant le profil cognitivo-comportemental des participants et PSS, évaluant leur niveau de stress perçu. Les TCA étaient dépistés à l’aide des auto-questionnaires EAT40 et BITE et classés selon le DSM-5. Le sexe ratio (H/F) était de 0,4. Une anxiété, des symptômes dépressifs et un niveau de stress élevé étaient retrouvés respectivement dans 34 %, 17 % et 75,2 % des cas. La prévalence des TCA était de 16,4 %. Les facteurs indépendants associés aux TCA étaient le sexe féminin ( p = 0,009), l’activité physique ( p = 0,04), l’insatisfaction corporelle ( p < 0,001) et le sentiment d’inefficacité ( p = 0,032). Le risque de TCA était cinq fois plus élevé chez les étudiants ayant recours aux anxiolytiques ( p < 0,001), aux laxatifs ( p = 0,046) ou aux vomissements provoqués ( p = 0,045) et 9,55 fois plus élevé en cas d’adoption d’un régime alimentaire spécifique ( p < 0,001). Ces résultats justifient la nécessité d’un dépistage systématique des TCA chez les étudiants en médecine afin d’assurer une prise en charge précoce et efficace et préserver ainsi la santé physique et mentale des futurs soignants. Young students, in particular those in the medical field, seem to be at risk of developing psychiatric disorders, especially eating disorders (ED). We aimed to determine the prevalence of ED in Tunisian medical students and to study the risk factors associated to it. We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Tunis medical university including 250 students. Each student filled out a self-administered questionnaire with the necessary individual information as well as the HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression) scale assessing anxiety and depression, EDI2 (Eating Disorder Inventory 2) assessing the cognitive behavioral profile of participants and PSS (Perceived Stress Scale), assessing their level of perceived stress. Eating disorders were screened using the EAT40 and BITE self-questionnaires. We used the DSM-5 classification to specify the types of ED. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.4. Anxiety, depressive symptoms and high stress level were found in 34%, 17% and 75.2% of cases, respectively. The prevalence of ED was 16.4%. Independent factors associated with ED were female sex ( P = 0.009), physical activity ( P = 0.04), body dissatisfaction ( P < 0.001) and the feeling of ineffectiveness ( P = 0.032). The risk of ED was five times higher in students using anxiolytics ( P < 0.001), laxatives ( P = 0.046), or induced vomiting ( P = 0.045) and 9.55 times higher in students on a diet ( P < 0.001). These results justify the need for systematic screening for ED in medical students in order to ensure early and effective treatment and thus preserve the physical and mental health of future caregivers.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0985056222000735; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nupar.2022.08.002; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85139053655&origin=inward; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0985056222000735; https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nupar.2022.08.002
Elsevier BV
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