Mineralization age, tectonic setting and ore genesis of the Wuxing Pt–Pd-rich magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposit, Northeast China

The Wuxing deposit in Northeast China, tectonically located in the Jiamusi–Khanka Block, is a Pt–Pd-rich Cu-Ni sulfide deposit related to mafic–ultramafic rocks. The zircon U–Pb ages of pyroxenites, gabbros, porphyritic granites, and leucogranits in the mining area are 516.7 ± 2.6, 513.8 ± 2.0, 505.4 ± 2.3 and 499.5 ± 2.9 Ma, respectively, indicating that the diagenesis and metallogenesis of the Wuxing deposit occurred during the Cambrian. The ore-forming complex is cut by quartz diorite porphyritic and plagiogranite porphyry dikes. Zircon U–Pb ages of the quartz diorite porphyrite and plagiogranite porphyry are 206.6 ± 2.1 and 201.6 ± 1.3 Ma, respectively. The U–Pb ages indicate the metallogenic age constraint of 516.7 ± 2.6 Ma for the Wuxing deposit, rather than Cambrian and Triassic magmatic activities. The Hf isotopic composition ε Hf (t) of zircons in the pyroxenites and gabbros are −11.5 to −7.7 and −5.8 to −2.5, with the two–stage model ages (t DM2 ) of 2198–1958 and 1841–1633 Ma, respectively. Geochemically, the mafic–ultramafic complexes are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE), and depleted in high-field strength elements (HFSE), indicating these rocks originated from the enriched mantle. The porphyritic granites are high-K calc-alkaline rocks (Rittman index δ  = 1.92–2.00), and the leucogranites are low-K alkaline rocks ( δ  = 4.76–4.86) with ε Hf (t) and t DM2 of −9.2 to +0.8 and 2037–1411 Ma, respectively. The porphyritic granites and leucogranites are characterized by low A/CNK values (0.91–1.05), 10,000 Ga/Al values (1.76–2.36), and Zr saturation temperature (731–823 ℃) similar to those of I-type granites. Along with contemporaneous intrusions, the Wuxing deposit is inferred to have formed in a post-collisional extension environment. Consequently, the origin of the Wuxing deposit is likely related to the evolution of enriched mantle magma during the Cambrian post-collision extensional setting of the Jiamusi–Khanka Block.