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Cardiopulmonary testing in long COVID-19 versus non–COVID-19 patients with undifferentiated Dyspnea on exertion

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, ISSN: 0033-0620, Vol: 83, Page: 71-76
2024
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Study Findings on COVID-19 Are Outlined in Reports from Mayo Clinic (Cardiopulmonary Testing In Long Covid-19 Versus Non-covid-19 Patients With Undifferentiated Dyspnea On Exertion)

2024 JUN 21 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at NewsRx COVID-19 Daily -- Researchers detail new data in Coronavirus - COVID-19. According

Article Description

Dyspnea and fatigue are characteristics of long SARS-CoV-2 (COVID)-19. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can be used to better evaluate such patients. How significantly and by what mechanisms is exercise capacity impaired in patients with long COVID who are coming to a specialized clinic for evaluation? We performed a cohort study using the Mayo Clinic exercise testing database. Subjects included consecutive long COVID patients without prior history of heart or lung disease sent from the Post-COVID Care Clinic for CPET. They were compared to a historical group of non–COVID patients with undifferentiated dyspnea also without known cardiac or pulmonary disease. Statistical comparisons were performed by t -test or Pearson's chi 2 test controlling for age, sex, and beta blocker use where appropriate. We found 77 patients with long COVID and 766 control patients. Long COVID patients were younger (47 ± 15 vs 50 ± 10 years, P  < .01) and more likely female (70% vs 58%, P < .01). The most prominent difference on CPETs was lower percent predicted peak V̇O 2 (73 ± 18 vs 85 ± 23%, p  < .0001). Autonomic abnormalities (resting tachycardia, CNS changes, low systolic blood pressure) were seen during CPET more commonly in long COVID patients (34 vs 23%, P  < .04), while mild pulmonary abnormalities (mild desaturation, limited breathing reserve, elevated V̇ E /V̇CO 2 ) during CPET were similar (19% in both groups) with only 1 long COVID patient showing severe impairment. We identified severe exercise limitation among long COVID patients. Young women may be at higher risk for these complications. Though mild pulmonary and autonomic impairment were common in long COVID patients, marked limitations were uncommon. We hope our observations help to untangle the physiologic abnormalities responsible for the symptomatology of long COVID.

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